Breast augmentation is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge the breast and correct its shape.The operation is carried out using special implants, which feel almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is it
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have fallen breasts, changes in their shape and volume, for example, as a result of the birth of a child or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgically enlarging the breast and correcting its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is carried out in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be placed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The position of the incisions can also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after the operation, the specialist will give recommendations for choosing the size of the implants.
Types of intentions
All materials are divided into different varieties.
By content
They are classified into various types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of various degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that if they are damaged, they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be somewhat lower.In addition, they have a shorter life and when worn under the skin, lumps and bumps can form.
The placement of selected implants is a key stage of breast augmentation.
The recovery process and how painful it will be depends on their correct position and tissue contact.
With the competent actions of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
These are bio-implants of a new generation.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop implants.The former are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By type of surface and profile
The surface of the denture can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, the structure of the sternum, the condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in the replacement of the empty space.
Periareolic
The breast tissue is dissected at the location of the nipple.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after the operation disappears almost completely over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the fold line below the breast.As for the inconspicuousness of the scar, this method is considered the most convenient, since the seam is located at the point where the mammary gland covers the skin of the trunk.
Axillary
It includes incisions in the area near the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complicated.the scars will be in a prominent place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to place the implants correctly in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Position of intentions
They can be placed under the fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be taken into account:
- pointaccess;
- volumesurgery;
- anatomicalcharacteristicsand the desired size of the prosthesis.
- generalsituationcustomers?
- presence of a relativelimitationsin the operation.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of complexity.
First
Complexity grade 1 augmentation mammoplasty includes perioal access and endoprosthesis.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgery.
Secondly
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthetic work is performed with a vertical scar.assumes an average level of intervention and injury.
Thirdly
There are related limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which implants are placed.
Clues
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- hangingbreast or nipple prolapse, which can occur in the context of rapid weight loss.
- changeformsas a result of breastfeeding or childbirth.
- hyperpigmentationpacifier?
- is executed incorrectlyplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease.
- ageup to 18 years;
- infancy periodfeeding;
- cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and seizures.
- infringementcoagulationblood;
- infections.
Relevant contraindications include:
- fibrous nodesinside the mammary gland;
- largeweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma.
- varicose veinsdilation of veins
In addition, surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation stage is not recommended.The operation should be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Breast augmentation involves preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will inform you about the actions during the surgery, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations to surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After that, the patient is referred for laboratory testing, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis.
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor.
- pictogram.
Instrumental examination includes X-rays, X-rays, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes that appear in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of the remission.
If no contraindications for surgery have been identified, the woman must follow certain recommendations at the stage of preparation.
No later than a week and a half before the expected date, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You should also stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of surgery.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After that, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are placed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After activating the anesthetic, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.An incision of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully pulled away to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
The surgeon then removes the stent and places it in the desired location through the incision.After all the manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by molds, which will prevent the implant from moving to the side.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbable sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a cast to the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first days after the operation the woman will be bothered by severe pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve the swelling, you should not take a hot shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsule contraction, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the placement of the implants.
For 5 days you must avoid visiting the sauna, bath and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Special attention should be paid to nutrition during the recovery period.Food should be light and easy to digest.You need to include more fruits and vegetables that contain iron and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous for human health and disappear by themselves within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications.
- term– appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must remain in a hospital environment for 1-3 days.
- losssensitivitynipple-areola complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve.
- hematomas;
- drowningin place of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules.
- educationkeloidscarring and hypertrophied tissue.
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of the intention.
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous type contraction.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Breast augmentation is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly skilled surgeons.Therefore, before deciding on breast augmentation with implants, you need to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will take place.